The Flaviviridae are a
family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly
ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type
virus of Flaviviridae; flavus means yellow in Latin. (Yellow fever in turn was
named because of its propensity to cause jaundice in victims.)
They include the following genera:
Genus Flavivirus (type
species Yellow fever virus, others include West Nile virus and Dengue
Fever)—contains 67 identified human and animal viruses
Genus Hepacivirus (type species Hepatitis C virus, the single member)
Genus Pestivirus (type species Bovine virus diarrhea, others include classical
swine fever or hog cholera)—contains viruses infecting non-human mammals
Flaviviridae have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive
polarity, 9.6- to 12.3-kilobase in length. The 5'-termini of flaviviruses carry
a methylated nucleotide cap, while other members of this family are uncapped and
encode an internal ribosome entry site. Virus particles are enveloped and
spherical, about 40-60 nm in diameter.
Major diseases caused by the Flaviviridae family include:
Dengue fever
Japanese encephalitis
Kyasanur Forest disease
Murray Valley encephalitis
St. Louis encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
West Nile encephalitis
Yellow fever
Hepatitis C Virus Infection
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