Lincoln
is considered one of the nation’s most important and best-loved Presidents.
- oil by Franklin Courter
Lincoln’s
education was almost entirely self-administered, and he worked variously as a
storekeeper, rail splitter, postmaster and surveyor while studying law in his
leisure hours. Elected to the Illinois Legislature (1834-1841), Lincoln moved to
Springfield to practice law in 1837. Served as Whig member of the House of
Representatives from 1847 to 1849 and rose to become a prominent Illinois
circuit-riding lawyer (from 1849).
Gettysburg
Draft Call
Lincoln
was nominated for US Senate in 1858 and during the campaign, stumped Illinois in
a series of debates with his Democratic opponent, Stephen A. Douglas, taking a
stand against slavery. Although he was defeated, his oratory skills and personal
presence made him the leading candidate for the next Republican Presidential
nomination, a nomination he secured in 1860. After the attack on Fort Sumter,
Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of southern ports (April 1861). During the Civil
War, he supported loyally his generals in the field, choosing successively to
command the Army of the Potomac McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. In
January 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and declared freedom
for the slaves of all states in rebellion against the Union. In November 1863,
Lincoln made his immortal Gettysburg Address, dedicating the national cemetery
there. Lincoln was re-elected in 1864. Just five days after Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox Court House ended the Civil War (April 14, 1865), Lincoln was shot by
John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater, Washington, D.C., and died the following
day.
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