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Allan Pinkerton
Patriot - Detective
1819 - 1884


PINKERTON, Allan, detective, born in Glasgow, Scotland, 25 Aug., 1819; died in Chicago, Illinois, 1 July, 1884. He became a Chartist in early manhood, came to this country in 1842 to escape imprisonment, and settled in Chicago, Illinois. He was made deputy sheriff of Kane county in 1846, was subsequently deputy sheriff of Cook county, and in 1850 was appointed the first detective for Chicago. He also established Pinkerton's detective agency in that year, and from that date till the emancipation was largely engaged in assisting the escape of slaves. 

He was the first special U S. mail agent for northern Illinois and Indiana and southern Wisconsin, organized the U. S. Secret Service division of the National Army in 1861, was its first chief, and subsequently organized and was at the head of the Secret Service Department of the Gulf till the close of the civil war. He added to his detective agency in Chicago in 1860 a corps of night-watchmen, called Pinkerton's Preventive Watch, established offices of both agencies in several other cities, and was extremely successful in the discovery and suppression of crime. While in the employment of the Washington and Baltimore Railroad Company in 1861, he discovered a plan to assassinate Abraham Lincoln on his way to his inauguration in Washington.

Among the cases in which he successfully traced thieves and recovered money are the robbery of the Carbondale, Pennsylvania Bank of $40,000, and that of The Adams Express Company of $700,000, on 6 January, 1866, from a train on The New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad, and the taking of $300,000 from an express-car on the Hudson River railroad. He also broke up gangs of thieves at Seymour, Indiana, and the "Mollie Maguires" in Pennsylvania. He published about fifteen detective stories, the most popular of which are "The Molly Maguires and the Detectives" (New York, 1877) ; "Criminal Reminiscences" (1878); "The Spy of the Rebellion" (1883); and "Thirty Years a Detective" (1884). 
- Edited Appleton's American Biography Copyright© 2001 by VirtualologyTM

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Edited Appleton's American Biography Image Copyright© 2001 by VirtualologyTM



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