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Elias Canetti

1905 - 1994

Literature - Nobel Prize 1981

Elias Canetti ( Ruse , 25 July 1905 - Zurich , 14 August 1994 ) was a writer , essayist and aphorist Bulgarian naturalized British of German , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1981 . It is considered the last great figure of culture central Europe , as his work appears quite eccentric with respect to the same tradition that culture has formed between the beginning of '900 and the end of World War II . Apart from Karl Kraus , the dominant figure until 1960 and later Hermann Broch , it's difficult to find specific references without seeing influences Taoist and Buddhist thought in canettiano.

Elias Canetti was born in Rusčuk (now Ruse, Bulgaria ), the first of three sons of Jacques Canetti, merchant jew remote origins of Spanish (paternal ancestors were born with the surname of Cañete , but following the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula occurred in 1492, changed his name and took refuge first in Anatolia ), and Mathilde Arditti, born to a wealthy family Sephardic Jewish Bulgarian remote origins of Italian (maternal ancestors were Sephardic Jews from Leghorn that around the seventeenth century settled in Bulgaria ). The language of his childhood was the Ladino or giudeospagnolo spoken in the family, but the little Elias was soon experience with the German language used in private by the parents (who saw it as the language of theater and their years of study in Vienna ).

After learning the Bulgarian , he found himself having to deal with the ' English when his father decided to move to work in Manchester in 1911 . The decision was greeted with enthusiasm by Mathilde Arditti, educated woman and liberal, he could subtract Elias influence of his grandfather, who had entered the school Talmudic . In 1912 , with the sudden death of his father Jacques, began the wanderings of the family, who moved first to Vienna and then to Zurich , where Canetti spent between 1916 and 1921 , the happiest years.

During this period, despite the presence of younger siblings, the relationship with the mother of Canetti (since 1913 suffered from periodic bouts of depression) became ever more closely, marked by conflict and mutual dependence.

The next stop was Frankfurt , where he was able to attend the demonstrations following the assassination of the Minister Walther Rathenau , the first mass experience which left an indelible impression. In 1924 he returned with his brother Canetti Georges in Vienna, where he majored in chemistry and was almost without interruption until 1938 . Canetti was integrated quickly in ' elite cultural Vienna, studying with avidity the works of Otto Weininger , Sigmund Freud (who aroused suspicion from the beginning) and Arthur Schnitzler , and attending conferences Karl Kraus , polemicist and moralist. In one of these meetings he met the writer Sephardic cultural Venetiana (Veza) Taubner-Calderón , nice but since birth with no left forearm, and in 1934 he married her, despite the aversion of the mother.

Under the influence of the memory of events seen in Frankfurt in 1925 began to take shape on a book project on the ground. In 1928 he went to work in Berlin as a translator for American books (especially Upton Sinclair ), and here he met Bertolt Brecht , Isaak Babel ' and George Grosz . Two years later he received his doctorate in chemistry, but did not practice the profession ever and to which, however, did not show any interest. Between 1930 and 1931 he began to work on the long novel Die Blendung (literally The blindness , translated into Italian as Autodafé ), published in 1935 , and returned to Vienna, he continued the literary circle of contacts: Robert Musil , Fritz Wotruba , Alban Berg , Anna and Alma Mahler .

In 1932 she released her first play, Wedding . Two years later it was the turn of The comedy of vanity . In 1937 Canetti went to Paris for his mother's death, an event that marked him deeply and symbolically closes the last volume of autobiography.

In 1938 , following the ' annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany , Canetti emigrated first to Paris and then to London . The next two decades, he devoted himself exclusively to the impressive project on the psychology of the masses, whose first and only volume, mass and power , was published in 1960 . In 1952 took British citizenship: two years later, in the wake of a film crew, spent some time in Morocco , from which he drew the volume Voices of Marrakesh .

The first of his drama Screw deadline was held in Oxford ( 1956 ). Veza his wife, married in 1934 and with whom he shared the enthusiasm and reverence for socialist Karl Kraus, committed suicide in 1963 after the failure of their marriage, perhaps also due to the frequent betrayals of Elias. In 1971 he married the Canetti museologist Buschor Hera, who bore him the following year a daughter, Johanna. In 1975 the University of Manchester and the Monaco gave him two degrees honoris causa . In 1981 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature "for works characterized by broad view, from the wealth of ideas and artistic power". After the death of Hera ( 1988 ), Elias Canetti returned to Zurich , where he died in 1994 , and the cemetery where he was buried next to James Joyce.

Major works

Komödie der Eitelkeit (1934)
Blendung Die (1935, novel )
Befristeten Die (1956, premiere of the drama at Oxford)
Masse und Macht 1960 ( essay )
Aufzeichnungen 1942 - 1948 (1965)
Die Stimmen von Marrakesch (1968 Published by Hanser in Muñico, Travelogue )
Der andere Prozess , Kafkas Briefe an Felice (1969).
Hitler nach Speer (Essay)
Die Menschen des Provinz Aufzeichnungen 1942 - 1972
Der Ohrenzeuge. Fünfzig Charaktere (1974).
Das Gewissen der Worte Essays (1975, essay)
Gerettete Zunge Die (1977, memoir )
Die Fackel im Ohr , Lebensgeschichte 1921 - 1931 (1980, memoir)
Das Augenspiel , Lebensgeschichte 1931 - 1937 (1985, memoir)
Das Geheimherz der Uhr: Aufzeichnungen (1987)
Die Fliegenpein (1992)
Nachträge aus Hampstead (1994)
Aufzeichnungen 1992-1993 (1996)
Aufzeichnungen 1973-1984 (1999)
Party im Blitz; englischen Die Jahre (2003, memoir, published posthumously)
Aufzeichnungen für Marie-Louise (written in 1942, published posthumously, 2005)


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